Habka kululaynta, haynta, iyo qaboojinta birta xaalad adag si loo hagaajiyo ama loo beddelo hantideeda iyo qaab-dhismeedkooda yaryar waxaa loo yaqaan daaweynta kulaylka.Marka loo eego ujeedooyinka kala duwan ee daaweynta kulaylka, waxaa jira habab daaweyn kulayl oo kala duwan, kuwaas oo inta badan loo qaybin karo noocyada soo socda:
(1)Annealing: Foornada daawaynta kulaylka ee baabi'isa, birta waxaa lagu kululeeyaa heer kuleyl gaar ah ilaa 300-500 ℃ oo ka sarreysa heerkulka muhiimka ah, iyo qaab-dhismeedkeeda yar-yar waxay mari doontaa isbeddelka wejiga ama isbeddelka wejiga qayb ahaan.Tusaale ahaan, marka birta lagu kululeeyo heerkulkan, pearlite-ku wuxuu isu beddeli doonaa austenite.Ka dib diirimaad ku hay in muddo ah, ka dibna si tartiib ah u qabooji (sida caadiga ah qaboojinta foornada) ilaa ay ka soo baxdo heerkulka qolka.Geedi socodkan oo dhan waxa loo yaqaan daawaynta nuugista.Ujeedada annealing waa in meesha laga saaro walbahaarka gudaha ka dhashay inta lagu guda jiro shaqada kulul, isku mid ah qaab-dhismeedka yar ee birta (si loo helo qaab-dhismeed qiyaas ahaan dheellitiran), hagaajinta sifooyinka farsamo (sida dhimista engegnaanta, kordhinta caagga, adkaanta, iyo xoogga), iyo hagaajinta goynta waxqabad.Iyada oo ku xidhan habka nuugista, waxa loo qaybin karaa habab kala duwan oo nuugista ah sida annealing caadiga ah, labajibbaaran, diffusion annealing, isothermal annealing, spheroidizing annealing, recrystallization annealing, annealing dhalaalaya, annealing dhamaystiran, aan dhamaystirnayn annealing, iwm.
(2)Caadiyan: Foornada daaweynta kulaylka, birta waxaa lagu kululeeyaa heer kuleyl gaar ah ilaa 200-600 ℃ oo ka sarreysa heerkulka muhiimka ah, si markaa microstructure-ka gebi ahaanba loo beddelo austenite lebbiska (tusaale ahaan, heerkulkan, ferrite si buuxda ayaa loo beddelay. galay austenite ee birta, ama sibidhka sare si buuxda u milmay in austenite), oo lagu hayaa in muddo ah, ka dibna waxaa la dhigayaa hawada qaboojinta dabiiciga ah (oo ay ku jiraan afuufi qaboojinta, rarin qaboojinta dabiiciga ah, ama qaybo gaar ah dabiiciga ah. qaboojinta hawo degan), iyo habka oo dhan waxaa loo yaqaan caadi.Caadiyanku waa nooc gaar ah oo jilbis ah, kaas oo, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay heerka qaboojinta ka dhaqso badan ee ka soo saarista, waxay heli kartaa miro ka sii fiican iyo qaab-dhismeed yar oo isku mid ah, hagaajinta xoogga iyo adkaanta birta, waxayna leedahay sifooyin farsamo oo dhamaystiran.
(3) Deminta: Foornada daawaynta kulaylka, birta waxaa lagu kululeeyaa heer kuleyl gaar ah ilaa 300-500 ℃ oo ka sarreysa heerkulka muhiimka ah, sidaa darteed qaab-dhismeedka yar-yar ayaa gebi ahaanba isu beddelaya austenite lebbisan.Ka dib markii la hayo muddo wakhti ah, si dhakhso ah ayaa loo qaboojiyaa (qaboojinta dhexdhexaadka ah waxaa ka mid ah biyaha, saliidda, biyaha cusbada, biyaha alkaline, iwm) si loo helo qaab-dhismeedka martensitic, taas oo si weyn u hagaajin karta xoogga, adkaanta, iyo xirashada caabbinta birta. .Qaboojinta degdega ah inta lagu jiro deminta waxay keentaa isbeddel qaabaysan oo fiiqan kaas oo dhalinaya walaac gudaha ah oo kordhiya jajabnaanta.Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo daawaynta xanaaqa ama gabowga waqti ku habboon si loo helo xoog sare iyo sifooyin adag oo sarreeya.Guud ahaan, daawaynta deminta oo keliya ayaa dhif ah loo isticmaalaa.Iyadoo ku xiran shayga iyo ujeedada daawaynta, daweynta deminta waxaa loo qaybin karaa habab kala duwan oo deminta sida deminta caadiga ah, deminta dhammaystiran, deminta aan dhamaystirnayn, deminta isothermal, deminta darajada, deminta dhalaalaysa, deminta soo noqnoqda, iwm.
(4) Deminta dusha sare: Tani waa hab gaar ah oo lagu demiyo daawaynta oo adeegsata habab kala duwan oo kuleyl ah sida kuleylka ololka, kuleylinta soo noqnoqoshada soo noqnoqda, kuleylinta soo noqnoqda tamarta, kuleylinta xiriirka koronto, kuleylinta elektrolytka, iwm. birta ka saraysa heerkulka muhiimka ah, oo si dhakhso ah u qabooji ka hor inta aanu kulaylku galin gudaha birta (sida daawaynta deminta)
Waqtiga boostada: Oct-08-2023